Indrukken van de microdynamiek van revolutionair en contrarevolutionair geweld. Bewijs uit laat-koloniaal Zuidoost-Azië en Afrika vergeleken
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.10817Abstract
Based on a comparison of decolonisation conflicts in Southeast Asia and Africa, in this contribution, Roel Frakking and Martin Thomas study the local population’s experience of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary violence. The authors approach the microdynamics of violence based on concepts of political violence developed in the context of research into civil wars. The microdynamics of violence are studied by means of three themes. The first concerns the striking asymmetry in power relationships that typify decolonisation conflicts, dealing with various violence strategies. The second theme is the nature and composition of locally recruited paramilitary groups that were involved in much of the local violence studied here. Making a target of the local population, who were not involved in the acts of war, but whose status as ‘citizens’ acutely exposed them to violence, is the third theme. From these themes, the authors distil the concept of ‘internal border areas’. They argue that these areas were ‘grey areas’, in which the power of the colonial state became fragmented. It was in precisely these areas that the state security forces and their adversaries were involved in the most violent clashes in their attempts to enforce the local population’s cooperation, and hence obtain structural social control.
In deze bijdrage bestuderen Roel Frakking en Martin Thomas de ervaringen van de lokale bevolking met revolutionair en contrarevolutionair geweld aan de hand van een vergelijking tussen dekolonisatieconflicten in Zuidoost-Azië en Afrika. Zij benaderen deze microdynamiek van geweld aan de hand van concepten van politiek geweld die in onderzoek naar burgeroorlogen zijn ontwikkeld. De microdynamiek van geweld wordt door middel van drie thema’s bestudeerd. Het eerste thema handelt over de opvallende asymmetrie in krachtverhoudingen kenmerkend voor dekolonisatieconflicten, waarbij verschillende geweldsstrategieën aan bod komen. Het tweede thema is de aard en de samenstelling van lokaal gerekruteerde paramilitairen die bij veel van het hier bestudeerde lokale geweld betrokken waren. Het tot doelwit maken van de lokale bevolking die niet bij oorlogshandelingen betrokken was, maar wiens status van ‘burger’ haar acuut blootstelde aan geweld, is het derde thema. Vanuit deze thema’s destilleren zij het concept van ‘interne grensgebieden’ of ‘binnengrenzen’. Deze gebieden, zo beargumenteren zij, waren grijze gebieden, waarin de macht van de koloniale staat versnipperde. Het was juist in deze gebieden waar veiligheidstroepen van de staat en diegenen die hen bestreden het hardst botsten in hun pogingen om medewerking van de lokale bevolking, en daarmee structurele sociale controle, af te dwingen.
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