From Crisis Management towards a Mediterranean Model?
Maritime Quarantine in the Austrian Netherlands, c. 1720-1795
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.10034Keywords:
maritime quarantine, maritime history, Austrian Netherlands, 18th centuryAbstract
Most historians agree that quarantine practices in the Mediterranean Sea played a pivotal role in the disappearance of plague from Western Europe. Although maritime quarantine originated in the Middle Ages, its importance increased during the seventeenth and eighteenth century when centralising states, guided by ‘populationist’ ideas of statecraft doctrines like mercantilism, began to develop and enforce isolation periods more elaborately. While extensive scholarship has explored maritime quarantine in Mediterranean port cities, little attention has been paid to the harbours of northwestern Europe. This study aims to fill this gap by examining maritime quarantine practices in the Austrian Netherlands during the eighteenth century. I survey measures taken in the region’s coastal area between 1715 and 1795 and examine if these precautions were influenced by theories of statecraft or prophylactic policy evolutions in the Mediterranean world. I argue that central involvement in maritime quarantine increased during the eighteenth century, driven by the growing influence of populationism in government circles as well as a heightened focus on commercial development.
De meeste historici zijn het erover eens dat ziektewerende maatregelen in de havensteden rond de Middellandse Zee een belangrijke rol speelden in het verdwijnen van de pest uit West-Europa. Hoewel maritieme quarantaine zijn oorsprong had in de middeleeuwen, werd de praktijk belangrijker tijdens de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw. In die periode begonnen centraliserende staten, geïnspireerd door de ideeën van het populationisme in staatstheorieën, zoals het mercantilisme, isolatieperiodes in havensteden steeds beter te organiseren en af te dwingen. Hoewel maritieme quarantaine in het Middellandse Zeegebied al grondig werd onderzocht, is dat niet het geval voor de havens van noordwestelijk Europa. In deze studie wil ik dit bijstellen door maritieme quarantaine in de Oostenrijkse Nederlanden tijdens de achttiende eeuw te onderzoeken. Ik geef een overzicht van de maatregelen die genomen werden in de kuststreek van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden tussen 1715 en 1795 en onderzoek of die voorzorgen beïnvloed werden door staatkundige theorieën of evoluties in ziektewerende maatregelen in het Middellandse Zeegebied. Ik suggereer dat de betrokkenheid van de centrale overheid toenam gedurende de achttiende eeuw, zowel als gevolg van de toenemende invloed van populationisme in regeringskringen als van de groeiende aandacht voor commerciële ontwikkeling.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Stan Pannier
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